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Cards & Dices are the most obvious game parts that are suitable for collectable games. 

A few other types i'm aware off, worth mentioning are 

Mageknight 

Mageknight is a miniatures - collectable game as well, but with a twist. Same idea as all the collectable games, only here you collect miniatures for building up an small army. Here is the twist that you don't know what you are buying, as the figures are sold in 'blind' boxes. Of course there are commons, uncommons and rare's. The game somewhat resembles the Warhammer series (with the main difference, in Warhammer you just buy what you need). I must say, the idea is pretty interesting, as the miniatures are not only prepainted, but also have a interesting mechnanic (they have a 'clock' that displays the miniatures characteristics and is to be turned if the miniatures gets wounded). Pretty expensive (but then again, you don't need as many miniatures as in Warhammer, and hey, all miniatures games are expensive).

stratego legends : the shattered lands. 

Next to the collectable card and dice games, a collectable Stratego game has been published, Stratego Legends (Avalon Hill/Hasbro). Imagine Stratego, but not exactly knowing the forces you're up to, as you opponent can not only choose from different races, but also from different pieces. It's collectable in a sence that there are various races and pieces, but in addition the pieces are sold blind: maybe some usefull ones, but maybe some ones you can trade or build a new army on. BTW stratego Legends in based on fantasy armies (undeads, humans, etc.). So you collect a certain army to use with Stratego (note that the various different paws for the various races have different abilities). Game has two sides, but various different armies/races. Published by Hasbro.

krash

Krash is a game in which you collect car-parts and construct a warmachine that can match (with a certain strategy, in line with its weaponary) other cars. Bought some starter sets here as well, but was not impressed. Just waiting until someone comes up with collectable warriors / robots you can build up etc. Here again, the different car pieces are sold blind.